Revised Edition.

GENERAL INFORMATION

- AS TO THE*

EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE.

ISSUED BY THE

OVERSEA SETTLEMENT OFFICE,

59, VICTORIA, STREET, LONDON, S.W. 1.

Office hours, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. ; Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1.30 p.m.

LONDON:

PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S
STATIONERY OFFICE.

PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.

To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from
H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses :
Imperial House, King-sway, London, W.C. 2. and
28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W. 1 ;

37, Peter Street, Manchester ;

1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff ;

23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ;

or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin,

1919.

Price 6d. Net .

Revised 'Edition.

GENERAL INFORMATION

AS TO THE

EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE.

ISSUED BY THE

OVERSEA SETTLEMENT OFFICE,

59, VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W. 1.

Office hours, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. ; Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1.30 p.m.

LONDON:

PRINTED UNDER. THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S
STATIONERY OFFICE.

PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.

To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from
H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses :
Imperial House, King-sway, London, W.C. 2, and
28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W. 1 ;

37, Peter Street, Manchester ;

1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff ;

23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ;

or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.

1919.

Frice 6d. Net .

11

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Delimitation and Area of East

Africa Protectorate ... ... 1

Description . 1

Administration and Taxation... 1

Climatic Conditions . 2

Health . 3

Prospects for Settlers ... ... 5

Native Inhabitants and Labour 7

Domestic Servants . 7

Mining ... ... . 8

G-razing Land . ... 8

Cattle . ... ... 9

Horses and Mules . 9

Sheep . 10

Goats . 11

Pigs ... 11

Ostriches... . 11

Poultry . 11

Agriculture ... ... ... 11

Crops ... ... ... 12,15

Oil Seeds.. . 15

Forests ... 15

Grants of Timber . 16

Buildings, Buildiug Materials,
and Tools . 17

Water and Water Rights ... 17

Cost of Living . 18

House Accommodation, etc. ... 18

PAGE

Hotel Accommodation . 18

Shipping — Free passages within
the Empire ... 18

Passages and Landing Agents... 19

Uganda Railway . 20

Clothing and Outfit ... ... 21

Sports . 22

Arms, etc. . 22

Sporting Licences . 23

Roads . ... 23

Inland Travel away from Rail¬
way ... ... ... ... 23

List of Exports and Imports 24, 25
Currency and Banks . 25

Postal and Telegraphic Infor¬
mation . 26

Religious Denominations ... 27

Education ... 27

Immigration Regulations ... 27

Land Acquisition . 28

Books of Reference (Appendix
A) . 30

Tables of Import Duties and
Exemptions (Appendix B) ... 31

Table of Export Duties (Appen¬
dix C) ... 34

Notes on Land (Appendix D) ... 34

Rainfall (Appendix E) ... 37, 38

INDEX.

Administration .

PAGE

1

Agricultural implements

21

Agriculture

11

- & Forests, Department of

16

Ammunition, carriage on
ship .

board

23

Area . .

1

Arms

22

Banks .

25

Barley

12

Beans

12

Bicycles . .

23

Books of reference

30

Building ...

17

— — materials .

17

Cables .

26

Capital ...

6

Cattle

9

Citrus Fruit

14

Clerks .

5

Climate ...

2

Clothing .

21

Clubs .

22

Coconuts...

13

Coffee

12

Cost of living

18

Crops .

12,

, 15

Crown Grants .

28

- Lands Ordinance ...

34

Dentists .

4

Description .

1

Domestic servants

T

Duties

2

- Export

24

- Import, table of ...

25

- ,, exemptions

31

Education .

27

Estate Duty Ordinance

2

Exchange, rate of

26

Exports .

24

Ex-service men, land
ment scheme ...

settle-

29

Ex-service men, free passages for

19

Farming ...

...

6

- Mixed

6

- Stock .

...

6

Farms, Government

...

6

Fees

PAGE

2

Fishing .

22

Flax .

15

Forests ...

15

Fruits ... .

14

Foodstuffs .

18

Game

23

- - Regulations

23

Goanese .

18

Goats .

11

Gold . :r

8

Graphite ...

8

Grazing land

8

Health ... .

3

Highlands ...

2

Horses, mules & ponies...
Hospitals ...

9

4

Hotels .

18

House accommodation ...

18

Immigration regulations

27

Imports ...

25

Indiarubber, export duty on

31

Indians .

7

Inland travel

23

Irrigation...

17

Ivory, export duty on ...

34

Kabete Agricultural Farm

6

Labour, Native ...

7

Land acquisition

28

- Crown grants of ...

28

- - Native-owned

29

- Notes on .

34

- Purchase of

29

Language...

30

- Books of reference

30

Laundry .

18

Laws ...

2

Licences ...

2

— — Game .

23

- Prospectors’

8

- Shooting

23

- - Trading

2

Lowlands...

2

Maize .

12

Malaria ... .

4

Maps .

31

Masters & Servants Ordinance

7

IV

PAGE

PAGE

Medical .

• • • . . .

4

Rice .

...

14

— — chest

4

Roads .

...

2a

Mica .

... . . .

8

Rubber .

...

15

Mining ...

...

8

Money orders

26

Sanatorium, Scott

...

4

Motors

!.. '23,

, 33

Saw mills

16

Seasons .

3

Native servants,

registration

Settlers, prospects for ...

...

5

fees

...

2

Sheep ... .

10

- - Inhabitants

...

7

Shipping .

...

18

- Labour

7

Sisal ... .

13

- - Lands

... ...

29

Soda

8

Northern Frontier District

2

Spirits, duty on ...

2

Sports .

...

22

Oats .

...

12

Sugar .

...

14

Oil Seeds .

...

15

Ostriches .

...

11

Taxation .

2

Outfit .

...

21

Telegraphs .

...

26

Timber .

15,

Ifi

Peas .

... ...

12

- free grants of

16

Pigs .

11

Town plots .

29

Poll tax ...

2

Township rates .

...

29

Population

1

Transport .

20,

23

Postal information

... ...

26

Potatoes .

14

Uganda Railway

20

Poultry . .

11

Provinces .

2

Wages, farm assistants .. .

...

7

- Indian servants . . .

7

Railway fares ...'

...

20

Water

17

- produce rates

...

21

- rights .

...

17

- Uganda

...

20

■ - supply .

17

Religions .

27

Wattle .

13

Rest-houses

18

Wheat . ,.

• • .

12

EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE.

NOTE.—Conditions in British East Africa are still unsettled,
and this handbook should therefore be regarded as pro¬
visional. For further information application should be made
to the Oversea Settlement Office, 59, Victoria Street,
London, S.W. 1.

Delimitation and Area of East Africa
Protectorate.

The East Africa Protectorate may be roughly defined as
the territories under British protection lying between the
East Coast of Africa and Lakes Victoria and Rudolf. The
coast line extends from the Equator to nearly 5° south. On
the north the Protectorate is bounded by Abyssinia, on the
east by Italian Somaliland and the Indian Ocean, on the west
by Uganda, on the south by what was German East Africa,
and on the east by the Indian Ocean.

The area of the Protectorate is approximately 239,900 square
miles, about twice the area of the British Isles.

Description.

The East Africa Protectorate is essentially a new country.
A few years ago, everything between the coast towns and
the Kingdom of Uganda was regarded as a savage wilderness.
Now, thanks to the construction of the railway to Uganda, this
vast region is well known, and large tracts of agricultural
and pastoral lands have been opened up. It has naturally not
been possible to complete the organisation of so young a
territory on permanent lines within the brief period of its
existence, but the introduction of civilisation and order is
proceeding rapidly. The Government is doing much to assist
the settlers, and the Departments of Agriculture and Forestry
have been organised under expert officers to aid the settlers
with their experiments and advice.

The European population is estimated at about 5,485, of
which about one-third lives in Nairobi. The chief port is
Mombasa, with the harbour of Kilindini, and a population of
about 32,000. Other ports are Kismayu, Lamu, Malindi, and
Vanga. Up country the best known stations are Nairobi (the
capital), Eldoret, Fort Hall, Nyeri, Naivasha, Nakuru, Mumias,
and Kisumu ; the last named is at the head of the Kavirondo
Gulf on Lake Victoria, and is the terminus of the railway.
The railway station and pier are often called Port Florence.

Administration and Taxation.

The Protectorate is administered under the Colonial Office
by a Governor, with the assistance of an Executive and a

(553.) Wt. 15184—55. 3,000. 12/19. J. T. & S., Ltd, <J. 14. Sell. 10.

9

Legislative Council, and is divided into seven provinces,,
named Jubaland, Tanaland, Seyidie, Ukamba, Kenya, Nai-
vasba, and Nyanza. Each of these is in charge of an officer
styled Provincial Commissioner, and is divided into districts
in charge of District Commissioners.

There is also a large tract of country lying to the south of
the Abyssinian Boundary which is known as the Northern
Frontier District.

Laws, duties, taxes, fees, and licences . — English law is
administered, supplemented by local Regulations and Ordi¬
nances and a few applied Indian Acts. All legislation and
notices and rules thereunder are published in the Official
Gazette. An ad valorem duty of 10 per cent, is collected on
most imports, but certain articles are exempted ( vide
Appendix B). Spirits pay a duty of five rupees per gallon
at 50°. Importers must be prepared to submit their original
invoices in support of their declaration of value. A number
of articles are subject to export duties, mostly ad valorem (see
Appendix O).

There is a poll tax on every non-native of £l (Rs. 15) per head
per annum and an Estate Duty Ordinance was passed in
1918; otherwise there is little direct taxation, no income,
house, or land taxes being at present levied. There are,
however, certain small fees collected for the registration
of guns, and of natives when engaged for periods exceed¬
ing two months ; licences are required for certain trades,
such as the sale of alcoholic drinks. Certain of the larger
towns, such as Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, etc., impose rates
on the householders to cover the cost of the sanitation and
lighting of the township.

Climatic Conditions.

Climatic conditions vary so greatly within short distances
that it is almost true to say that every district has a climate
of its own, but for general descriptive purposes the Protec¬
torate may be divided into two distinct climatic sections, viz.,
the Highlands and the Lowlands.

A rough definition of these terms is : the Highlands — all
that portion of the Protectorate over 4,000 feet above sea
level; and the Lowlands — all that portion below this eleva¬
tion. Following this definition, the Lowlands can be roughly
demarcated in two sections: (a) the Coastal Lowlands, viz.:—
most of the land between the coast and a line drawn through
Sultan Hamud Station on the Uganda Railway parallel to the
coast and (b) the Nyanza Lowlands, viz. : — land between the
shores of the Victoria Nyanza and a rough circle drawn
through Mumias, Fort Ternan Station on the Uganda Railway,
and the western foot of the Kisii Mountains.

3

The Highlands s in which area is Nairobi, the seat of the
Government, embrace that portion of the Protectorate
which is allotted in grazing and agricultural farms for
European colonisation. In spite of the fact that the Equator
runs through the centre of this area, the altitude has the
effect of producing a climate very similar to a fine English
summer. The mean average temperature has been calculated
to be 67° F. at 9.0 a.m. and 78° F. at noon. The nights are
cool, the temperature sometimes falling to 45° F. in the early
morning. Generally speaking, the hottest months are January
and February, and the coolest months July to September, but
the seasonal variation in mean temperature is very small.

The Lowlands , principal towns Mombasa and Kisumu,
embrace the portion of the Protectorate more suitable for
strictly tropical agriculture. The temperature varies from
72° F. to 88° F. during the daytime and from 70° F. to 75° F.
during the night. Although the temperature is not
abnormally high during the day, the heat becomes very-
trying owing to the humidity of the atmosphere and to the
fact that very little relief is gained at night.

During the hottest season, from January to April, the
temperature does not rise much beyond 90° F. in the daytime.
The coolest season is from July to October.

Highlands and Lowlands . Daylight — The Protectorate being
near the Equator, there is very little variation throughout the
year in sunrise and sunset, which are roughly at 6.0 a.m. and
6.0 p.m. For the same reason there is practically no twilight
and it is quite dark very shortly after sunset.

Seasons. — There is a sharp distinction between the rainy and
the dry seasons. During the former rain may be expected
constantly, during the latter there is very little rain. The
“ big rains ” fall, in the Highlands, during March, April, and
May, and in the Lowlands during April, May, and June. The
“ little rains ” fall in the Highlands and Lowlands alike during
October, November, and December.* In Appendix D tables
may be seen of the rainfall of various localities for different
months and years.

Health.

In the Highlands, where dwell the great bulk of the
European settlers, and where is situated the capital of the
country, Nairobi, the climatic conditions are pleasant and
stimulating, and so closely resemble the best parts of an
English summer that the resident or visitor is apt to forget
that he is living directly on the Equator. He must exercise
the same care in his personal and domestic hygiene as if he

* Koughly speaking, the best time for the sea voyage from or to the
Protectorate is from December to February.

4

was living in a tropical country where the adverse conditions
are more apparent and force him to take the necessary
precautions.

Malaria is prevalent in the country, and the precautionary
use of quinine is advisable, especially in the Lowlands. The
possibilities of typhoid and dysentery must not be forgotten,
and intending settlers are recommended to be inoculated with
anti-typhoid serum before coming into the country. Great
care should be taken to boil water, and to secure the cleanli¬
ness of food, absence of flies, and proper domestic sanita¬
tion. As a general principle a tepid or warm bath should be
taken in preference to a cold one. Experience has shown
that after a certain length of residence in a tropical climate
more risk is run of getting a chill by indulging in a cold water
bath than by the habitual use of a hot bath. People should
not sit in draughts or sleep on the ground.

It is doubtful whether the climate is suitable to European
children unless they can have frequent changes to a temperate
climate.

Nairobi and Mombasa each contain a Government European
hospital with staff and nurses available for the unofficial
European population. Nairobi possesses, in addition, the
Scott Sanatorium, with skilled nursing, and a nursing associa¬
tion which controls a home with a limited number of beds
for maternity cases. The services of trained nurses can
occasionally be obtained from Nairobi for nursing in the
districts.

Thete are private medical practitioners established at
Nairobi, Nakuru, on the Uasin Gishu Plateau, and in the
Magadi District; and there are private dentists in Nairobi.
In addition, Government Medical Officers are stationed at the
following centres: — Mombasa, Lamu, Kismayu, Serenli, Fort
Hall, Marsabit, and Kisumu, while most of the out stations are
provided with trained Indian hospital assistants. It is,
however, advisable that each settler should provide himself
with a small supply of remedies and medicines the use of
which he knows.

As a guide the following list of drugs and dressings is
suggested : —

Purgative tablets.

1 oz. chlorodyne.

100 tablets phenacetin (uncoated).

200 tablets quinine bi-hydroch]oride (uncoated).

100 tablets Dover’s powder.

J lb. permanganate of potash.

1 lb. alum.

1 lb. sulphate of soda.

1 pot Hazeline Snow, or similar ointment.

5

1 clinical thermometer.

1 pair scissors,
i lb. absorbent wool,
i lb. boric lint.

1 oz. gutta-percha tissue, or oiled silk.

A few yards of cotton sheeting for bandages.

In their report, signed at Nairobi on 21st November, 1918,
the Land Settlement Commissioners commented on the
climatic conditions as follows: —

“ An important matter for consideration by each person
w'ho is contemplating settling in the East Africa Protecto¬
rate is the suitability of the climate for a white race. In
respect of this matter the medical faculty hold widely
divergent views. Some are of opinion that a frequent
change to a temperate climate is essential, while others
consider that with ordinary care in living, which means
wholesome food, proper housing, and the ordinary pre¬
cautions which are observed in other tropical climates,
there is no reason why a white man should not make a
home for himself and his family in this country. This
would appear to be borne out by the testimony of many
old resident settlers who gave evidence. Only time can
prove whether the virility of our race can be maintained
without change to a temperate climate.”

In a later paragraph of their report the Commissioners
again emphasise the necessity for a careful and close con¬
sideration of the effect of .equatorial Africa on the health of the
white settler, and they recommend to the perusal of every
intending settler the medical evidence placed before them.

Prospects for Settlers.

In the absence up to date of any rich finds of minerals or
precious stones the development of the country depends
solely upon the products of the soil. The great strides in
this development made in recent years have improved trade
in every branch, with the result that there are a few open¬
ings for shopkeepers, shop-assistants, accountants, clerks,
skilled artisans and mechanics, and qualified surveyors.

Persons without capital or previous experience of the Pro¬
tectorate are strongly advised not to go to East Africa unless
they have the certainty of continued employment for at least
sufficient time to enable them to look round and judge in
which direction they can most projfitably direct their energies.

Young men going to the Protectorate to engage in clerical
or other work confining them to the towns are advised to
communicate with the Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in Nairobi,
who will give very useful information as to lodgings.

The experiments carried out on the Government experi¬
mental farms and by settlers in various parts of the Protec-

6

torate have shown that several branches of farming both
agricultural and pastoral can be carried on with profit. The
prospective settler should make careful enquiry before he
selects the special branch or branches in which he will invest
his capital.

With a wide choice the settler would be wise to decide not
to put all his eggs into one basket. He will further be
guided in his selection by the situation of his farm and
facilities for transport. A visit to the Government stock
farm at Naivasha, the agricultural farm at Kabete, near
Nairobi, or the farm of tropical agriculture at Mazeras, and
the advice he will be able to obtain from their respective
managers, and from the Director of Agriculture, will be of
assistance in helping the settler. Capital is a most important
factor, and it cannot be too clearly pointed out that for many
years to come East Africa will have to be exploited by the
man who will not be ruined by the sudden and unavoidable
outbreak of disease amongst his stock, by the depredations of
vermin such as lions, leopards, and hysenas, by the inroads of
monkeys and baboons, and by the devastations of insects,
including locusts and swarms of caterpillars, amongst his grain
and fruit trees.

*In general it may be said that the most popular crops
are: for large investors (£30,000 and upwards), sisal;
and for small: sisal, coffee and maize, and recently flax.
Other industries, however, such as wheat, sheep, cattle,
and mixed farming, may be made profitable. Opinions
vary as to the actual amount of capital required, which
depends on many factors. One of the most important is the
price at which land may be obtained. It must be remembered
that the price of land at present is high, that there are diffi¬
culties in regard to the supply of native labour and that the
settlement of those who have recently been allotted land
under the Government settlement scheme will absorb for some
time the resources of the Protectorate in building material,
agricultural implements, etc. In these circumstances, farming
in the East Africa Protectorate should not be undertaken by
persons without previous local experience unless they have a
capital of at least £5,000. Settlers with local experience
should have a minimum capital of £l,000 to £l,500 in addition
to the cost of land and all passage and incidental expenses,
and should also be prepared to rough it. Men without this
amount of capital should not go out unless they have obtained
definite local employment before sailing.

* A publication entitled “ Farming and Planting in British East
Africa” has recently been put on the market by Messrs Newland,
Tarlton and Co., Ltd., Nairobi. Copies can be obtained from their
London Office at 166, Piccadilly, W. 1.

European Farm Assistants. — There is a limited demand for,
and a very limited supply of, farm assistants, and an intending
settler who contemplates starting as such is strongly advised
to obtain an offer of employment before entering the Pro¬
tectorate ( vide Immigration Reguations, page 31 supra )
Wages vary from £l0 per month upwards.

Native Inhabitants and Labour.

The natives are quite friendly in all accessible districts and,:
in spite of innumerable diversities of languages and dialects,
nearly all know a little Swahili, which is the lingua franca
of the Protectorate.

Skilled native labourers are practically non-existent, and
their place is generally taken by the Indian artisan. The
ordinary native labourer can, with 'patience, be taught European
farm work, especially if his training commences in early life.
The main sources from which supplies of labour are drawn by
the agriculturalist, the pastoralist, the contractor, and the
coast planter, are the Kavirondo, Kikuyu, and Wakamba, all
situated in the Highlands, and, in a very much less degree,
from the Swahili and the Wateita in the Lowlands. Wanyam-
wezi immigrants from the Lake area are employed to some
extent.

It is understood that in present circumstances the difficulty
of obtaining an adequate supply of native labour may prove
an obstacle to any increase of European settlement on a
large scale. There are about 2,500,000 natives in the Protec¬
torate, of whom 16 to 18 per cent, are males between the ages
of 16 and 30 years.

With efficient organisation and control, it is thought that
an adequate supply should be forthcoming, but intending
settlers are warned that the scarcity of labour is one of the
greatest difficulties with which they have to contend.

The Masters and Servants Ordinance, 1910, controls the
relation between employers and employes and every employer
should be conversant with this Ordinance.

Domestic Servants.

Domestic servants, Indian or African, can be engaged
locally. The wages vary, and, since the war, have consider¬
ably increased, owing to the greater demand for servants. It
will also be found that wages are higher in the towns than in
the country. A fairly good African house-boy can be employed
from about Us. 15 per mensem, while an African cook requires
from Rs. 25 and upwards. The more experienced Goan cooks
are paid about Rs. 60 per mensem or more.

Almost all good boys and cooks will produce certificates of
service when called upon, and, although no standard type of
certificate has been laid down, the various opinions of previous

8

employers are of great value. A boy who has 11 lost ” his
certificates (“ chits”) will probably need watching.

The African native always prefers a short highly-paid job
to permanent work at a more moderate rate. It must be
remembered that an African has very little difficulty in finding
enough food to support life — except in times of famine’ — and
that the fact of his being out of work without visible means of
support does not necessarily mean that he will starve.

Milling.

The mining industry is limited at present. The extensive
deposits of sodium carbonate at Lake Magadi are being worked
by the Magadi Soda Company. High grade mica has been
discovered in the Machakos District and on the east of Mount
Kenya; it occurs in pegmatite veins intersecting metamorphic
rocks. It is being worked in several places, but it is too
early to state whether it will become a permanent industry.
Indications of gold, silver ore, copper, iron, and graphite
have been reported by prospectors, but the prospects have
not up to date warranted serious mining.

A prospector’s licence (Rs. 5) entitles the holder to one
claim of the following : —

(а) A gold claim, reef or banket.

(б) A gold or precious stone claim, alluvial or placer.

(c) A precious stone claim, other than alluvial.

( d ) A mineral claim.

(e) A coal claim.

( f ) An oil claim (if a British subject).

The mining rules 'and regulations are published in the
Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorate, dated 1st
March, 1912, and 19th May, 1915. Applications should be
addressed to the Commissioner of Mines, Mombasa.

Grazing Land.

Practically all land in the Highlands is suitable for cattle
grazing, but the presence of the tsetse fly makes the coast
unsuitable for cattle.

The herbage varies greatly in different localities; certain
places are adapted for immediate sheep-farming, but the
greater portion requires to be well fed down by cattle before
becoming suitable for sheep. Continued cropping on
systematic lines has the effect of greatly improving the
character of the herbage.

The value of a pastoral farm largely depends upon its
water supply, and although the Government surveyors make
every effort to give an equitable supply of water to each
surveyed farm, no guarantee of a permanent supply of water
can be given, and the settler when selecting his holding should

9

make careful inquiries on the point. If he is doubtful about
the permanence of the streams on his holding, he should
examine the beds of the streams with a view to locating
suitable sites for dams.

The carrying capacity of a farm with well distributed water
and a rainfall of from 35 to 40 inches should be one bullock
to five acres in addition to one sheep to two acres, and as
grazing becomes restricted the introduction of such grass,
as paspalum dilatura will increase this carrying capacity.

Cattle.

The climatic and pastoral conditions are particularly favour¬
able for the rearing and maintenance of stock. A yery large
area of the land already alienated, and of the land now sur¬
veyed and awaiting allotment, is mainly suitable for both beef
production and dairying.

It is estimated that there are over 2,000,000 head of cattle
in the Protectorate, of which the great majority are owned by
natives, of the Zebu or humped race.

A settler wishing to take up stock-farming seriously should
be prepared to spend from £2,000 to £3,000 after he has
obtained his farm. Good results have been obtained by
crossing the native cow with the imported pure-bred bulls,
principally shorthorns, Ayrshire and Friesland. The supply
of bulls from Government stock farms is on the increase,,
and in 1918 73 head of pure bred bulls were bought from South
Africa, and further purchases are proposed from South Africa,
Australia, and Great Britain.

Notwithstanding the continued presence of rinderpest and
East Coast fever, it is estimated that cattle have increased
in numbers. The former disease has run its course through
many of the Native Reserves, and the majority of the cattle
in these areas are now immune, while in other reserves and
on settlers’ farms the disease is being held in check by the
use of serum, which is now being produced in large quanti¬
ties at the Veterinary Laboratory. As* regards East Coast
fever, the successful results which have been obtained as a
result of systematic dipping have shown that this disease is
not an insuperable obstacle to successful stock-farming.
Research work is carried out at the Pathological Laboratory
at Kabete, and several experienced veterinary surgeons are
stationed by the Government in various parts of the country.

Horses and Mules.

Horses and ponies can be kept in the up-country districts,
but epidemics of horse-sickness occur from time to time and
are very fatal. It is said that the best way to prevent
animals from attack is to see that they are kept in a warm

10

dry stable, well looked after, not allowed to graze in the
early morning or to eat grass with the dew on it.

Ponies have been imported from Somaliland and Abyssinia,
and there have also been imported several useful Australian,
South African, and Indian country-bred mares, and a few Arab
stallions of a good class.

The values of horses at the present time are roughly as
follows : —

The average Somali pony from £20 to £30.

East African country-breds from £30 to £60.

A good stamp of South African or East African brood
mare about £50.

A stallion about £80.

The natives, especially the Masai and Wakamba, with a
little training, make good stable boys, with a wage of from
Rs. 10 to Rs. 15 per month.

It costs Rs. 81 ’75 to send a horse in a horse-box by train from
Mombasa to Nairobi, and Rs. 112*35 to Nakuru. Other horses,
if in the same consignment, are taken at half price. Low-
priced horses and ponies, when carried in batches in cattle
trucks, are carried at reduced rates, viz. : Rs. 101*37 to Nairobi
and Rs. 139*19 to Nakuru per truck.

Mules are the most serviceable animals for light agricultural
work, and cost about Rs. 300. The native donkey is small, but
its cross with a Muscat gives a generally useful animal. The
price varies from £3 to £6.

All horses imported without certificates are tested with
mallein.

Sheep.

The number of sheep in the Protectorate is estimated at
nearly 4,000,000, of which by far the greater proportion are
the native sheep, which has hair and not wool, but has proved
very susceptible to grading. The wool of the third cross from
the native sheep by a merino ram in 1916 obtained Is. 7d.
per lb. on the London market, as against ll|d. per lb. in pre¬
war days.

The usual method of starting sheep farming is to purchase
a flock of native ewes and grade them up with pure-bred
merino rams. At the same time most settlers obtain, either
locally or by importation, a few merinos as a nucleus for a
pure-bred flock.

The local demand for grade mutton at present exceeds the
supply. The area of good sheep land in the Protectorate is
at present restricted to the Rift Valley, the Masai Reserve,
and small areas in other districts where the rainfall is below
the general average and the grasses are of finer varieties ;
but there is no doubt that with constant depasturing with
greater herds of stock the coarse and strong grasses now

11

unsuitable for sheep grazing will become fined down and
further areas will be rendered fit for pastoral farming.

Goats.

Goats have not yet attracted much attention. There is a
plentiful native supply. It is believed that the Angora goat
might be successfully introduced.

Pigs.

Pigs thrive admirably in the Protectorate ; bacon and ham
from the progeny of imported breeds compare favourably
with the European products. The industry may now be said
to be established, and with the elimination of the Seychelles
breed, which was originally introduced, and with the breeding
of only the best English breeds, it is anticipated that pig¬
raising will become a very important accessory branch of
farming on many of the holdings, more especially as it is one
which can be started with a small capital and from which quick
returns can be expected.

Ostriches.

Experience is everything in regard to ostrich-farming, and
the prospective ostrich farmer is strongly advised to have six
months’ experience on an ostrich farm before embarking on
the undertaking himself. The ostrich is indigenous to the
country. A sandy soil in a climate free from too much wet
and cold below an elevation of 6,000 feet seems the most suit¬
able site.

Poultry.

The native fowl is small but hardy, and can generally be
obtained in any part of the country. European fowls are
widely distributed and thrive well. Ducks, turkeys, and
geese are imported and find a ready sale at profitable prices.

Agriculture.

Practically all land in the Protectorate is suitable for
agriculture, and owing to the diversities of soil almost every
farm can be adapted to several branches of agriculture. In
most parts of the country the soil is a light chocolate loam
of good depth. It will stand crops for three or four years
without any artificial help, but is somewhat deficient in phos¬
phoric acid. On the plains there are large areas of the black
cotton soil.

Almost every known product of agriculture can be grown
in some part or other of the Protectorate, but only experi¬
ence will determine which will prove the most profitable.

All ordinary farm seeds can be obtained locally.

Owing to the war agricultural development lias been
impeded, and the importation of implements and machinery

12

has been greatly restricted. The curtailment of shipping and
export facilities materially affected certain classes of planters,,
and arrangements were made under which a fair proportion
of coffee beans was shipped. Efforts have since been made
to make the country self-supporting as regards products for
general consumption, and to stimulate the production of com¬
modities of economic importance such as sisal and flax.

Crops.

Wheat. — The crop being somewhat uncertain, settlers as a
rule prefer to grow other crops from which more sure returns
can be relied upon. Still, in some of the more favoured dis¬
tricts, such as Njoro, parts of the Machakos District and the
Uasin Gishu, the crop continues to be grown, and with better
transport facilities there is little doubt that the wheat area,
especially on Uasin Gishu, could be extended.

Maize. — From returns from the various maize-producing
districts the acreage under maize is estimated to be at least
500,000 acres annually, and the average yield in a good season
is about 1,200 lb. to the acre. Hickory King variety of maize
is chiefly grown by .settlers, while the quality of native maize
is steadily improving through the issue of good white seed by
the Government. Weevils are very prevalent in native grown
maize. There is scope in the Protectorate for the production
from maize of alcohol as a substitute for petrol.

Barley.- — On a number of farms in the Plighlands malting
barley has been grown very successfully as regards yield and
quality; but there is only a very limited local market for this
produce, and the cost of transport is against it being exported
for malting purposes.

Oafs.— Many varieties have been experimented with, but so
far without success, owing to the presence of rust. The local
demand is too limited for oat production to become an
industry of any importance in the Protectorate.

Beans and Peas.- — Selected beans and peas from British East
Africa are in demand for sowing in Europe, and also in South
Africa, and if only varieties of 95 per cent, purity standard
are allowed to be shipped there are prospects of a considerable
export industry being established. Beans are also a valuable
rotation crop with maize, wheat, flax, potatoes, etc.

Coffee. — In the early years of settlement indications from
results obtained from trial plots and small plantations pointed
to the altitude of from 4,500 to 6,500 feet as being most suit¬
able for coffee culture of the variety known as Cafea arahioa ,
and in and around Nairobi and Kyambu development was
rapid; the area under crop at the end of the financial year

13

1914-15 being about 10,000 acres. With the allotment of farms
in the Uasin Gishu, Koro, and Songhor districts further
development took place, and at the end of 1917 it was
estimated that there were 22,000 acres under cohere, of which
8,000 acres were under plants in bearing. The Government
employs a Coffee Plant Inspector, who visits the plantations
and advises planters.

Sisal. — This plant was first introduced in 1902. The results
of trials on the coast, in the Midlands, the Highlands, and the
Lake zone proved satisfactory as regards growth; while the
favourable reports on samples of fibre forwarded to the
Imperial Institute indicated that a profitable sisal industry
might be developed in the Protectorate. In 1907 large com
signments of bulbils and suckers were imported from
German East Africa and from India, for the establishment of
plantations, and later a large supply of bulbils was available
from the trial plots at the Mazeras and Nairobi Experimental
Stations. It was estimated that the acreage under sisal
amounted in April, 1918, to 25,000 acres, and owing to the high
prices paid in the, home market during the war large areas of
virgin land in the Highlands have now been ploughed and
planted.

Under pre-war conditions as regards sea freights, etc., it
was proved that at from £25 to £30 a ton in London the
industry is a profitable one, and with improvements in decor¬
ticating machinery and the methods of cultivation it is con¬
sidered that profits can be made even at lower prices.
Owing, however, to the heavy capital expenditure involved
in the growing of sisal, and the establishment of the necessary
decorticating machinery, the industry is better suited to a
company with considerable capital rather than to the ordinary
settler. The area of land in the Protectorate suitable for
sisal culture is very large, and its further development is
mainly a question of capital and available labour.

Coconuts. — A large part of the coast belt is out of the range
of hurricanes, and much of it has good natural advantages of
soil and climate for coconut-growing. It is estimated that
there are about 500,000 bearing coconut palms in the coast
zone. Extensive planting has been done by private enter¬
prise during the last few years, but its progress is being
retarded by the ravages of the coconut beetle and the tapping
of the trees for tembo by natives. Legislation has been
enacted for the protection of the coconut industry, but has
not yet become operative.

Wattle. — For several years past the establishment of wattle
plantations in various parts of the Highlands has received

B

14

energetic attention, and the industry has been encouraged
by the favourable reports received from the Imperial Institute
on samples of wattle bark sent from the Protectorate. The
area established in wattle in the Protectorate is estimated at
16,000 acres, and suitable factories are urgently needed to
deal with the product. From time to time information regard¬
ing wattle-growing has been given in the annual report of the
Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Journal.

Citrus and other fruits. — The citrus industry is still in the
experimental stage as regards export of the products, and,
although the prospects of the industry appear to be good, it
is as yet too early to make any definite statements. Pre¬
cautionary measures have been taken against the introduction
of insect and fungus pests.

Orange trees bear well in many parts of the Protectorate,
and satisfactory reports have been received on selected
samples sent to London. Large areas have recently been
planted out with lemon trees, with a view to the export of
concentrated lemon juice 'and citrate of lime. The gross
return from citric acid is estimated at rather over £20 per
acre, while from citrate of lime it is estimated at about
£23 10s. per acre.

Sugar. — Attention is being devoted to the possibilities of pro¬
ducing, sugar in the Protectorate, particularly in the Coast
Belt, where fully 300,000 acres are available for the purpose.
Irrigation would be necessary in the Juba Elver and Tana
Eiver valleys, where the great bulk of the sugar-growing land
is situated, and where water would be available from those
rivers. Sugar can also be successfully grown in many parts
of the Highlands and would prove a profitable industry for the
supply of local requirements.

Sugar cane-growing has been successfully tried over a wide
area in the Protectorates in particular in the districts of Kibos,
Muhoroni, Koru, Donyo Sabuk, Kyambu and Masongaleni.
In the Muhoroni district the land is considered to be admirably
adapted for sugar-growing, the soil being rich,, the tempera¬
ture high, and the rainfall one of the largest in the Protec¬
torate.

Potatoes. — Potatoes are widely grown and are highly success¬
ful in the Highlands. They form an important part of the
food of the white and Asiatic inhabitants, and are also coming
into favour with the natives. The sweet potato is extensively
produced from the coast to the Victoria Nyanza. This forms
a food for natives throughout the Highlands and lake area,
and is also useful for pig food.

Bice. — There is room for considerable extension of rice-
growing at the mouth of the Umba Eiver, near Vanga, and in

15

the lower parts of the Tana River Valley and the Sabaki
V alley.

Bubber. — The rainfall and humid conditions of the Protecto¬
rate have not proved sufficiently high for Para rubber in those
parts where the tree has been tried, but experiments with this
tree are still proceeding.

Flax. — The cultivation of flax in East Africa has been most
successful, and consignments have commanded very high
prices during the war. The industry has now become
thoroughly established, and the areas under cultivation and
the consequent output are rapidly increasing. Factories are
now becoming more numerous and of larger capacity.

Although flax has been found to thrive at lower altitudes,
it is generally considered that the best areas suited for the
cultivation of flax are those situated between 6,000 and 7,000
feet above sea level. It may well be found that flax is a most
suitable crop for the settler who wishes to obtain an early
return on his capital, but the price which he will get must
depend entirely on the proximity of his land to the factory
and to the railway.

Oil Seeds (Highlands and Lowlands).

The country, especially the Lowlands, is rich in oil seed
plants. The chief plants from the seeds of which oil is
extracted from the castor oil (Ricinus), ,sim sim (Sesamum),
and ground-nut (Arachis).

%

Forests.

The timber forests are nearly all situated in the healthy,
'extra-tropical climate of the Highlands. Besides a large area
of scrub forest, which is useful for fuel purposes, there is an
area of about two million acres of timber forest owned by
Government and conserved with a view to securing the present
end future timber and water supply of the country.

The species o'f the trees on the Highlands of British East
Africa are, in the main, the same as in South Africa, and
there are in addition certain valuable species, such as Cedar
(< Juniperus procera), closely resembling the pencil cedar of
Virginia; Muzaiti ( Ocotea usambarensis) , a light durable wood
which resembles teak, and for which it can be used as a
substitute ; Musiga ( W arburgia ugandensis ), a suitable timber
for cabinet-making, possessing a handsome dark green, scented
heart-wood ; and Muhugu ( Brachylaena hutchinsii), a durable
wood valuable for fence posts and the erection of farm build-

b 2

16

ings exposed to the ravages of white ants. At the higher
altitudes, there are large areas of bamboo ( Arundinaria alpina ),.
which might be used for paper pulp, etc. At the lower alti¬
tudes and on the coast the forests contain many hard-wood
trees, and in the scrub forests mentioned above an ebony
( Dalbergia melanoxylon ) of good quality is found in considerable
quantities.

Timber available for sale in the State forests is marked and
sold, section by section, to those who require it. The rates
for the purchase of the timber vary from Id. per cubic foot
for the common timbers to 5d. for Muzaiti, Muhugu, and cedar.
At a distance of five miles from a railway these rates are
liable to a reduction, according to the distance from the rail¬
way, up to a maximum of one half.

Now that the country is being opened up and the value of
native timber becoming understood, its use is extending..
There are several saw-mills employed in working up native
timbers. As yet, however, only the fringe of the forest has
been worked. There may be an opening for anyone with
sufficient capital to be able to hold his stock of timber till
it is seasoned, and for one who is experienced in sawing
wood so as to avoid waste. Most of the timber sold is
unseasoned. There is a small demand for working men
experienced in saw-milling and the management of saw-mill
machinery, and a steady demand for seasoned timber for
building, wagon-making, and furniture. The demand fo?
native seasoned timber is in excess of the supply.

Free Grants of Timber to Settlers.

Settlers in the country who take up farms on which there
is little or no timber suitable for building may obtain a permit
to cut wood in the Government forests, free of all cost, for
a period varying from two to five years from the date on which
their holding was granted.

The holders of farms coming under this category should
apply in writing to the Land Officer, Nairobi, for a certificate
to the effect that their land is without timber. [The certificate
should be presented to the Forestry Department, who will
issue the permit and define the area within which the timber
may be cut. The Land Officer will, if requested, forward the
certificate direct to the Forestry Department, but as many
settlers like to take the opportunity when presenting the
certificate of discussing with the Forestry Department the
forest area most accessible to their farms, this procedure is
only adopted at the special request of the applicant.]

17

Buildings, Building Materials, and Tools.

At Nairobi almost everything required by Europeans can
be obtained, and there are foundries, flour mills, machine
shops, saw-mills, etc.

Throughout the Highlands there is good timber for building
purposes, fencing, and furniture. Several saw-mills are in
operation. Good building-stone can also be obtained.

Corrugated iron and planking, both native and imported,
glass, etc., can be purchased locally at reasonable rates.

Grass can be used for thatching; iron is safer against fire,
but hot and unhealthy. Tiles are expensive.

Settlers are strongly advised to take careful stock of the
resources of their own land before erecting their permanent
buildings. They will either find timber or obtain it free from
the forests. Sawn timber can be purchased. There is every
possibility of their finding good and workable building-stone.
Failing stone there may be soil suitable for brick-making.

It can easily be realised that an immense saving in cost of
transport is effected by making use of material on the spot.

English farm tools, agricultural implements, carpenters’
tools, wire, and every general farming and building requisite
can in normal times be bought in Nairobi, but the shortage
of shipping has affected the present supply.

Indian carpenters and sawyers can be engaged at about
3s. 6d. per day.

A good stone bungalow, about 40 ft. by 20 ft. by 12 ft. high,
should cost completed not more than £240, provided stone is
close and easily workable.

Water and Water Bights.

Under the Crown Lands Ordinance, 1902, a conveyance,
lease or licence for the temporary occupation of Crown land
does not confer any right to the waters of any river, lake,
or stream other than to such water as may be required for
domestic purposes upon the land sold, leased, or occupied.

No landholder may construct a water furrow on his land
without permission, and should such permission be granted,
the overflow of the furrow must be returned to the river,
lake, or stream.

No charge is made for water used for irrigation purposes
to persons authorized to use it until after 31st March, 1916, and
even after that date no charge will be made if after full
enquiry such a charge is found not to be justified.

Applications for permits for the use of water should be made
in writing to the Land Officer, Nairobi. The application should
state clearly (a) the purpose for which the water is required,
(t) the estimated volume of water required, (c) the dimensions
and length of the water furrow, and (d) the position of same, if

18

possible, with a sketch, (e) the name of the river and the
number of the farm on which the water is to be utilised.

No reasonable application will be refused provided the
granting of the permit will not unduly prejudice the lower
riparian owners.

The Irrigation Rules are published in the East African
Official Gazette, dated June 1st, 1909.

Cost of Living.

Owing to the uncertainties of the present time and the
great differences in tastes and requirements it is very difficult
to give any definite figures of the actual cost of living in the
Protectorate. Many articles of food can be grown or produced
on the farm locally, but, owing to the cost of transport,
imported articles are dearer than in Europe. The cost of
living in Nairobi and Mombasa is much greater than in the
country or smaller towns, and in these centres the increase
in prices has been most marked since the outbreak of war.

Household furniture made from country woods and Indian
teak may be bought as cheaply in the country as imported
furniture.

Laundry.

In Nairobi there is a good European laundry, and washing
is also done by Hindus, Goanese, and Swahilis, the general
price being about Rs. 10 per 100 pieces. Away from the towns
washing is done by the house-boys or “ dobis.”

House Accommodation.

House rental is high and houses difficult to obtain even in
Nairobi and Mombasa. In all other towns it is very nearly
impossible to rent a house as every one is occupied. Rents
have risen in the last few years, and £60 to £100 per annum
is paid for a 4-roomed house in Nairobi or Mombasa. In
addition, sanitary and water rates amount to approximately
£10 per annum.

Hotel Accommodation, etc.

First-class hotel accommodation can be obtained at Mom¬
basa, Nairobi, Naivasha, Nakuru, Gilgil, Kisumu, Eldorat,
Soy, Londiani, and the Thika River. The terms vary from
Rs. 6 to Rs. 9 per day. Boarding-house accommodation can be
obtained in Nairobi. The Administration of the Uganda Rail¬
way have erected rest-houses at Samburu, Yoi, Makindu,
Lumbwa, and Port Florence, the free use of which may be had
for twenty-four hours, but a charge will be made for each
subsequent day. Passengers availing themselves of these
houses are required to furnish their own servants and provide
their own bedding. Meals can be obtained at reasonable rates.

Shipping.

At present there is no regular service to British East
Africa, but ships are occasionally available. Special inquiry
should be made of the Shipping Companies or their Agents.

19

Free Passages within the Empire,-—

His Majesty’s Government have decided that on and after
the 8th April, 1919, ex-service men, viz., officers and men of
the Royal Navy, the British Army (excluding Domifiion and
Colonial Forces) or the Royal Air Force, who have served in
the Great War and who wish to settle within the Empire
overseas, may obtain free third-class passages at the lowest
Government rate for themselves and their dependents to the
nearest convenient port to their destination, provided that
they are approved under one of the agricultural settlement
schemes of the Oversea Governments or are going to assured
employment, and are otherwise acceptable to the Government
of the territory to which they desire to go. This privilege
will also be extended to the widows and dependents of ex-
service men as defined above, provided that they are entitled
to draw pension from Imperial Funds under the terms of the
Pensions Warrant.

Free passages on the same conditions will be granted to ex-
service women who enrolled for whole-time service for not
less than six months in a corps under the direction of a
British Government Department.

The term “ dependent” includes, in the case of ex-service
men, legal wives and legitimate sons and step-sons under
16 years of age and legitimate daughters and step-daughters
under 18 years of age ; in the case of ex-service women and
widows of ex-service men, legitimate children as defined
above.

Passports. — Arrangements are being made to provide
approved applicants with a document which will take the place
of a passport.

Passages and Landing Agents.

There are several lines of steamers by which passages may
be booked *

1. The Peninsular and Oriental Company. Passengers by
this line outwards from London tranship at Aden to the
British India Aden-Mombasa Mail Steamer.

Applications should be addressed to the Peninsular and
Oriental and British India Passenger Department, 122,
Leadenhall Street, E.C. 3, or Escombe, McGrath and Co.,
3, East India Avenue, E.C. 3, and branches.

2. The British India Steam Navigation Company. Local
agents are Messrs. Smith, McKenzie and Co. at Kilindini,
Zanzibar, Nairobi and Kisumu. Particulars can be
obtained from Gray, Dawes and Co., 122, Leadenhall
Street, E.C. 3.

3. The French Line, the Messageries Maritimes (London
Office: 72-75, Fenchurch Street, E.C. 3).

20

4. The Union Castle Mail Steamship Company, Ltd., who
have agents in Mombasa.

5. Clan, Ellerman and Harrison East Africa Joint Service.
Local agents the African Mercantile Company, Ltd.

Sailings and fares are uncertain owing to the war.

The following are some of the principal landing agents in
the Protectorate : —

B.E.A. Corporation, Ltd., Mombasa and Nairobi.
Boustead and Clarke, Ltd., Mombasa and Nairobi.

Childs and Joseph, Mombasa and Nairobi.

Newland, Tarlton and Co., Nairobi.

Smith, McKenzie and Co., Mombasa and Nairobi.

V. Mendoza and Bro., Mombasa.

African Mercantile Company, Mombasa.

L. Frigerio and Co., Mombasa.

The Uganda Railway.

Stations, Mileage, and Railway Fares.

The following are the principal stations of the Uganda
Bailway, and the fares from Mombasa, Kilindini, and Kilin-
dini Pier: —

Station.

Miles

from

Mom¬

basa.

Height

above

Sea

level.

Single Fares. ( 1 )

1st.

2nd.

(2) Inter¬
mediate.

3rd.

Feet.

R. c.

R. c.

R. c.

R. c.

Mazeras

16

534

2 88

1 44

0 96

0 40

Samburu (R) ...

44

915

7 92

3 96

2 64

1 10

Voi (R) .

104

1,833

18 72

9 36

6 24

2 58

Makindu (R) ...

211

3,277

37 98

18 99

12 66

4 72

Km (R)

270

4,861

48 60

24 30

16 20

5 90

Magadi Junction.

287

5,424

51 66

25 83

17 22

6 24

Athi River

314

4,949

56 52

28 26

18 84

6 71

Nairobi (R)

330

5,575

59 40

29 70

19 80

6 95

Limoru .

355

7,463

63 90

31 95

21 30

7 33

Kiiabe (R)

374

6,909

67 32

33 66

22 44

7 61

Naivasha

394

6,354

70 92

35 46

23 64

7 91

Gilgil .

412

6,581

74 16

37 08

24 72

8 18

Nakuru ...

452

6,070

81 36

40 68

27 12

8 78

Molo .

487

8,064

87 66

43 83

29 22

9 31

Londiani

503

7,530

90 54

45 27

30 18

9 55

Lumbwa (R) ...

521

6,336

93 78

46 89

31 26

9 82

Fort Ternan

539

5,104

97 02

48 51

32 34

10 09

Muhoroni (R) ...

552

4,265

99 36

49 68

33 12

10 28

Kisumu ...

587

3,756

105 66

52 83

35 22

10 81

1 First, second, and intermediate class return tickets are issued at a fare-
; and-a-half for the double journey, available for three months.

2 There is no intermediate class on the steamer service across the
Victoria Nyanza.

(R) Signifies refreshment room.

21

The journey takes about 24 hours from Mombasa to Nairobi
and about 19 hours from Nairobi to Lake Victoria, or 42
hours for the whole distance. This includes the necessary
halts at certain stations for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
The seats of the carriages are convertible into very comfort¬
able sleeping bunks, but travellers should make a point of
seeing that their soap, towels, blankets, pillows, and pyjamas
aro put into the carriage with them on boarding the train,
as no toilet accessories or bedding is provided by the railway.

Note. — Europeans do not as a rule travel lower than
second class. Intermediate and third class are almost
exclusively used by Asiatics and Africans.

Each passenger is entitled to carry the following quantity
of luggage freei-

lst Class . 120 lb.

2nd „ ... . . 60 ,,

Intermediate Class . . 50 ,,

3rd Class . 30 ,,

and half those quantities for each child’s half-ticket.

Excess luggage and parcels are charged for at about the
rate of Its. 2’80 per 100 lb. per 100 miles. The rate from
Mombasa to Nairobi is Rs. 9*80 per 100 lb., to Nakuru Rs.
13-30, and to Kisumu Rs. 16*80.

Agricultural Implements .

The rate in force for agricultural implements, cotton and
oil-pressing machinery, and fencing wire, etc., in lots of
5 tons and over, amounts to 93 cents per 100 lb. from Mombasa
to Nairobi, and that for tools, machinery, building materials,
.etc., in small lots, to Rs. 1*98 per 100 lb. for the same distance.
Fencing and wire netting in small lots is carried over the same
distance for Rs. 1*49 per 100 lb.

Special Produce Bates.

Most of the down traffic for agricultural produce, com¬
modities, grains, seeds, etc., is subject to special rates in
10-ton lots or over. These rates are at owner’s risk, and
owners must load and unload. There are special cheap rates
Tor beans, maize, peas and wheat railed to Kilindini Pier in
lots of 10 tons or over for export purposes. The rate per
100 lb. under this tariff is 45 cents from Kisumu, and 40
cents from TJlu and Tunnel.

Livestock. — ‘Carriage charges on livestock must be prepaid,
and the loading and unloading must be performed by the
consignor and consignee respectively. Horses, cattle, sheep,
and pigs conveyed in cattle trucks are charged 31 cents per
four-wheeled vehicle per mile.

Clothing and Outfit.

It is unnecessary to spend large sums on outfit. For the
Highlands , everything that is worn in England will be of use

22

at some time or other, even a thick overcoat. A supply of
light English summer clothing, however, is what is really
needed for both sexes. The usual social dress for men is
light serge or tweed lounge suits, and the working clothes
khaki, which can be obtained more cheaply in the Protec¬
torate than in England, with putties or leggings and good
English leather boots. Owing to the immense improvement
in shopping facilities in Nairobi and Mombasa, it is almost
as cheap to purchase clothes in the Protectorate as in England,
allowing for the cost of extra trunks and the excess freight.

In the coastal Lowlands , the lightest European summer
clothing is all that need be brought out, as during the hot
seasons clothing is reduced to a light singlet with a white drill
suit and canvas shoes or boots.

A good helmet or a soft double terai is absolutely essential
in all parts of the country, and new arrivals are particularly
warned against going out of doors between 7.30 a.m. and 4.30
p.m. with their heads inefficiently protected even in cloudy
weather. Every sort of helmet can be purchased in Port Said
on the way out. Every visitor or intending settler should
provide himself with two or three good blankets or rugs, and
these should be available for use on the train journey from
Mombasa.

Sports.

There is now a considerable resident European population,
and settlers arriving in the country are not cut off from the
amenities of social life.

Race meetings have been revived since the Armistice, and
are held at Nairobi four times a year, and less regularly at
other centres. The Mosara Hunt hold regular meets in season
near Nairobi.

There are big .social clubs at Mombasa, Nairobi, and smaller
ones at Nakuru and Kisumu. A country club is situated at
Mutharga, near Nairobi.

All British sports are played regularly, including Rugby
and Association football, cricket, lawn tennis, hockey, polo,
and golf. There are golf links at Mombasa, Nairobi (2),
Mutharga, Kyambu, Naivasha, Nakuru, Kisumu, Nyeri, Embu,
and others are in contemplation.

Excellent opportunities occur for big game and mixed bird
shooting, and some of the rivers provide excellent fishing..
Trout have been caught up to 6 lb.

Arms, etc.

A settler should bring out a serviceable shot-gun, 12-bore,
and a -303 sporting magazine rifle. If expense is no object
an additional rifle of heavier calibre, *350, -400, or -450, -500
cordite, for big game, is very desirable.

All fire-arms must be registered by an officer of the Admini¬
stration at the port of entry, for which a fee of Rs. 3 per fire-

23

arm is charged in addition to customs duty of 10 per cent.
ad valorem.

Holders of game licences are entitled to free registration
of fire-arms.

Passengers bringing shot-guns into the country may obtain
a bird licence at the time of registering the gun at the
Customs on payment of Us. 2 in addition to the Rs. 3, cost
of registration. If the licence is obtained later the charge
is Rs. 5.

All steamship companies will accept ammunition for carriage
from England to Mombasa. The Continental railways insist
upon ammunition being accompanied by the owner or other
responsible person.

Sporting Licences.

Game of every kind (lions, zebras, antelopes, etc.)
abound. A resident’s licence, costing Rs. 150, entitles the
holder to shoot a certain number of the common kinds of
game. The full sportsman’s licence costs Rs. 750. A land-
owner may also take out for himself or his employe a licence
entitling him to shoot on his land for Rs. 45. To shoot one
elephant a special licence must be obtained, costing Rs. 150.

A licence to shoot birds costs Rs. 5 per annum, and entitles
the holder to shoot any birds which are not specially pro¬
tected. Private firms are establishing ostrich farms, and
this bird may not be shot.

A copy of the Game Regulations may be consulted in the
Oversea Settlement Office.

Roads,

Outside the townships of Mombasa and Nairobi, where
macadamized roads have been constructed, the roads are built
of murrum, a decomposed lava of a gravelly nature, or are
merely earth tracks, which become very soft for four-wheeled
traffic during the rains.

These roads are dependent on dry weather for their utility
as motor roads, but ox-waggons can get through at all seasons.

On the Nairobi-Fort Hall road a motor transport service
is working, and several privately-owned cars are running in
and around Nairobi. Bicycles can go nearly everywhere, and
motor cycles are now being used all over the Protectorate.

Inland Travel away from the Railway.

To travel by land in parts where there is no rail accommo¬
dation, and where there are no roads suitable for motor trans¬
port, it is necessary for the traveller to take his tent, cook,
and servant. His equipment should consist of tent, camp-
bed and bedding, waterproof-sheet, mosquito net, a folding
table, light canvas chair, cooking utensils, lamp, water-bottle,
and shot-gun, also groceries, wines and spirits according to
the length of the journey. Fowls and meat can generally be

*21

bought on the road, but the traveller should be prepared to
support the larder with his gun.

In the Highlands ox-wagons can also be hired at various
prices, either by time or distance.

Fifteen porters at from Rs. 5 to Rs. 10 per month, and from
6 cents to 12 cents a day for food allowance, one head man
at Rs. 20 a month and 25 cents a day for food allowance
is, roughly, all that is required for transport, but porters are
not always readily obtainable. For short journeys porters
can be engaged at a fixed price, e.g ., one rupee for a load of
60 lb. for the journey from Mombasa to Takaungu (35 miles).

A horse or mule for riding (in which case a groom will be
required at Rs. 10 or more per month and food) depends on
the locality in which the safari (caravan) is travelling. A
safari will travel about 12 to 15 miles per day, each porter
carrying 60 lb.

Exports from the East Africa Protectorate through
Mombasa Customs.

Value in Rupees.

1914.

1915.

1916.

Beans and Peas .

56,979

53,660

233,857

Potatoes ...

64,054

51,710

121,180

Maize .

103,193

18,016

38,159

Millet .

80

850

244

Linseed .

2,336

...

...

Rice .

...

Coffee .

195,738

369,383

557,340

Coconuts .

5,684

8,933

7,057

Chillies .

625

2,546

1,037

Ghee .

15,915

73,231

47,052

Groundnuts .

8,989

1,395

8,085

Sim Sim .

274,471

326,186

698,194

Sim Sim Oil .

4,012

2,340

7,049

Copra .

293,024

174,024

269,963

Castor Oil Seed .

884

...

Cotton ...

21,538

54,562

23,994

Cotton Seed

2,427

5,367

3,096

Gum Copal ... ...

9,898

17,856

3,088

BeesWax

120,011

58,310

35,810

Hides, Ox

1,262,555

1,456,868

1,528,097

Skins, Sheep

17,005

22,886

12,641

Skins, Goats

183,122

200,934

445,443

Skins, Wild Animals .

34,483

2,684

2,799

Fibre, Sisal .

414,382

1,123,342

1,610,622

Fibre, other than Sisal ... ...

73,788

34,605

52,968

Flax .

...

2,805

3,773

Rubber, plantation

41,451

19,775

25,532

Rubber, wild .

3,691

7,143

1,650

Mangrove Bark .

...

...

Wattle Bark .

7,630

...

Wool .

, 135,660

150,173

197,292

25

Imports to the East Africa Protectorate through
Mombasa Customs.

Value in Kupees.

1914.

1915. j

1916.

Bacon and Ham .

63,832

65,758

47,279

Butter

29,578

86,859

87,464

Cheese

27,296

45,023

45,121

Sugar .

Tea .

822,437 ,

1,249,064

1,517,460

274,765

209,835

388,953

Salt .

61,852

113,013

140,065

Wheat .

46,368

17,505

28,953

Flour and Wheatmeal ...

793,350

570,327

776,867

Bice

999,188

897,713

919,263

Dhall .

66,181 !

31,446

46,159*

Maize and Maize meal ...

Grains, various .

70,761 i

60,630

85,993

Ghee .

130,533 ;

94,538

98,555-

Preserved meats

29,235 !

35,200

44,640

Preserves, tinned and bottled
food and fruits

351,073 !

443,253

965,985

Fruits, raw ... ... ...

13,067

18,581

15,382

Tobacco, manufactured

251,371

783,319

604,464

Tobacco, unmanufactured

7,020

12,240

15,939

Coconut Oil ... ... ...

2,800

111

740

Fencing materials

42,534

60,113

38,999

Foodstuffs for animals ...

4,844

1,384

1,436

Agricultural implements

416,288

231,588

460,544

Agricultural machinery

298,903

228,255

123,391

Agricultural rope and twine . . .

51,329

36,906

49,612

Leather, saddlery and harness...

36,078

12,365

15,501

Trees, plants and seeds

52,578

28,555

28,096

Wood .

420,049

161,312

236,361

Manures and insecticides

5,807

10,393

12,712

Currency and Banks.

The legal currency is the Indian rupee.

The coins in use are : — One rupee equal to 100 cents.

half „ „ 50 „

quarter ,, „ 25 „

10 cent, 5 cent and one cent bits.

The English sovereign is legal tender for Bs. 15.

There are also Protectorate Currency Notes for 5, 10, 20,
50, 100, and 500 rupees.

The National Bank of India , Ltd. (London Office : — 26,
Bishopsgate, London, E.O. 2), are bankers to the East Africa
and Uganda Protectorate Governments, with branches at
Mombasa, Nairobi, Nakuru and Kisumu, in the East Africa
Protectorate, and at Kampala and Jinja in Uganda.

The Standard Bank of South Africa , Ltd, (London Office : — 10,
Clement’s Lane, Lombard Street, London, E.C. 4), have

26

branches at Mombasa, Nairobi, and Eldoret in the East Africa
Protectorate and at Kampala and Jinja in Uganda.

The National Bank of South Africa , Ltd. (London Office: —
Circus Place, London Wall, E.C. 2), have branches at Mom¬
basa and Nairobi.

Bank interest has been seldom below 8 per cent, and
mortgages have been earning 10 per cent, for the mortgagee.

Before the war the rupee had a fixed value of Is. 4d., or
15 to the pound, but the increased price of silver has caused a
fluctuation in the rat© of exchange, and the value of the rupee
in October, 1919, was 2s. Od. approx.

Postal and Telegraphic Information.

The East Africa Protectorate is included within the Postal
Union.

Bates from England.

Letters : l|d. per half-ounce.

Postcards : Id. (6 cts.) ; Book-post l|d. per 2 ozs.
Parcels not exceeding 3 lb. 7 lb. 11 lb.

From England... Is. 6d. ... 3s. ... 4s. 6d.

To England ... 75 cts. '...Bs. 1*50... Bs. 2‘25

Limits of weight for letter, 5 lb.

Limit of insurable value, £120.

A fee of 50 cents is collected on all parcels from England
which are liable to Customs Duty.

The service is at present irregular; letters are usually sent
via South Africa. Insurance is confined to Entebbe, Jinja,
Kampala, Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa, Nairobi and Nakuru. No
compensation is paid in respect of loss or damage of unin¬
sured parcels or their contents. All parcels are conveyed
in British East Africa in ordinary mail bags, and to prevent
injury should be very strongly packed. Waterproof covers
should be used for parcels intended for places beyond the
services of the Uganda Bailway.

Money Orders. — Bates of poundage from England : 3d. for
every £l or fraction of £l up to a maximum of £40. Money
Orders are paid in East Africa in rupees.

Postal Orders. — At the same rates of poundage as in
England.

Cables. — Mombasa is connected by cable with London via
Zanzibar or Dar-es-Salaam.

The charges from England and vice versa are : —

Per word.

All Stations except Mombasa and

Kilindini . 2s. 9d. (Bs. 2*06).

27

Per word.

Mombasa and Kilindini . 2s. 6d. (R. 1*90).

Deferred cables (which must be in plain language and
which are liable to be delayed 24 hours) : —

All Stations in the Protectorate ... Is. 4d. (R. 1).

Within the Protectorate there is an internal telegraph
system along the Uganda Railway to Kisumu, extending via
Mbale to Kampala, Entebbe and Nimule, along the Thika
Railway from Thika to Archer’s Post via Fort Hall, Nyeri,
West Kenya and Meru, and along the Voi-Taveta Railway
connecting with Dar-es-Salaam, and along the Magadi Rail¬
way. There is also a line along the coast from Mombasa to
Lamu.

Telephone. — A telephone line runs from Kismayu to Gobwen.

Religious Denominations.

All the leading religious denominations are represented in
the Protectorate.

The English, the Scottish, and the Roman Catholic Churches
have places of worship at Nairobi as well as at their various
mission stations.

The English and Roman Catholic bodies have also churches
at Mombasa and there are English churches at Kyambu,
Nakuru and Kisumu.

Various other denominations have mission stations in the
Protectorate : The African Inland Mission, the Friends’ Africa
Industrial Mission, the Lumbwa Industrial Mission, the
Seventh Day Adventists Mission, the Swedish Mission, and
the United Methodist Free Church Mission.

Education.

Government Schools for European children of both sexes
are established in Nairobi, Nakuru, and the Uasin Gishu
Plateau. The standard attained at the Nairobi School is
the first-class of the College of Preceptors. There is good
accommodation for boarders in the Nairobi School.

Private schools for boarding and day scholars are established
at Nairobi and Kijabe, the former controlled by the Roman
Catholic Mission of the Holy Ghost, and the latter by the
Africa Inland Mission. There is also a private school estab¬
lished in Nairobi, known as the Nairobi High School.

Immigration Regulations.

Stringent regulations restricting immigration into the
Protectorate were introduced by means of a local law
promulgated in 1906, and amended in certain particulars
in 1910 and 1919.

28

Under these regulations an Immigration Officer is required
to board every ship arriving at any British East African port
and to interview every intending immigrant.

Immigration is absolutely prohibited if the Immigration
Officer is not satisfied that the intending immigrant is: —

1. Neither an idiot nor insane.

2. Not suffering from any loathsome or dangerous
contagious disease.

3. Not a person who, not having received a free pardon,
has been convicted of murder or any offence, other
than an offence of a political character not involving
moral turpitude, for which a sentence of imprisonment
has been passed for any term, and who by reason of
the circumstances connected therewith is deemed to
be an undesirable immigrant.

4. Not a prostitute nor a person living on or receiving
nor who has lived on or received any part of the
proceeds of the prostitution of others.

5. Not a person deemed by the Immigration Officer, from
information received from a reliable source, to be an
undesirable immigrant.

Further, if an intending immigrant is unable to satisfy the
Immigration Officer that he or she is not without visible
means of support, the Immigration Officer may demand a
deposit of £25 before allowing the intending immigrant to
land, and the deposit is liable to be forfeited unless the
Immigration Officer is so satisfied within six months of the
landing of the immigrant.

These regulations are not, however, intended to prevent
bond fide settlers and working men from entering the country.

Heavy penalties by fine and imprisonment are imposed in
the event of a breach of the regulations, such as concealing
or withdrawing information from the Immigration Officer
either by intending immigrants themselves or by persons
aiding or abetting them, and also on the owners and masters
of ships from which immigrants land without the permission
of the Immigration Officer.

Land Acquisition.

The conditions governing the tenures and terms of leasing
and other disposal of Crown Lands were laid down in the
Crown Lands Ordinance, 1915.

The settler should apply to the Land Office at Nairobi for
the latest information in regard to land, where also he will
be able to obtain the latest maps.

29

j East Africa Land Settlement Scheme .

The application list under this scheme for the settlement of
ex-service men on the land in East Africa closed on 14th
August, 1919. Ex-service men who wish to be considered for
any future allotments should communicate direct with the
Chief Secretary to the Government, Nairobi, East Africa.

Purchase of Land by Private Treaty .

Settlers who have developed their farms are allowed to
dispose of their holding, or portions of it, by private treaty,
and there is nothing to prevent an intending settler from
acquiring land by purchasing from the original holder or his
transferees. Undeveloped land, portions of original holdings,
within 15 to 20 miles of Nairobi have been changing hands at
from £l to £2 10s. per acre for pastoral propositions, and from
£7 to £12 for agriculture. In other districts of the Highlands
at from 5s. to £2 and more per acre.

Town Plots.

Town plots are divided into two classes: commercial and
residential. The commercial plot has generally 50 ft. frontage
and 150 ft. depth, and the residential sites vary from one to
two acres in extent. Town plots of both descriptions are
almost invariably sold by auction. In Nairobi the best sites
have been realising up to £700 per plot as premium in addition
to an annual ground rent of £10. Outside Nairobi the usual
ground rent is £2 8s. per annum, and the premium realised
at auction varies from £5 upwards, but rarely exceeds £50.

Native Owned Lands.

Land Buies enforced by Government. — The Government does
not allow natives to deal in land with Europeans, and land
within native reserves cannot be alienated.

30

APPENDIX A.

BOOKS OF REFERENCE CONCERNING BRITISH
EAST AFRICA.

The following is a list of the most important books dealing with the
various languages spoken in the East Africa Protectorate. Swahili is
the chief language, as being the lingua franca of the country.

Swahili : —

Swahili Exercises, Steere (S.P.C.K.).

A Handbook of the Swahili Language, Steere (S.P.C.K.).
Swahili-English Dictionary, Krapf (London).

English- Swahili and Swahili-English Dictionary, Madan (Oxford).
Swahili Tales, Steere (S.P.C.K.).

African Aphorisms, Taylor (S.P.C.K.).

Giriama : —

Giriama Vocabulary, Taylor (S.P.C.K.).

N yika ; —

Nyika Dictionary, Krapf and Rebmann (S.P.C.K.).

Teita:—

Introduction to the Teita Language, Wray (S.P.C.K.).

Kamba: —

Vocabularies to the Kamba and Kikuyu Languages, Hinde (Cam¬
bridge).

Kamba Grammar, Last.

Masai : —

The Masai : their Language and Folklore, Hollis (Oxford).
Kikuyu :—

English-Kikuyu Vocabulary, McGregor (S.P.C.K.).

A Grammar of the Kikuyu Language, McGregor (London).
Kikuyu Grammar, Hemery.

Kikuyu Grammar, Barlow (Blackwood).

Somali: —

Somali Grammar, Larajasse.

Notes on the Somali Language, Kirk (Oxford).

Somali Grammar, Kirk (Cambridge).

Galla:—

Galla-English Vocabulary, Tutschek.

The Gospels and other parts of the Bible have also been translated
into several East African languages and published by the S.P.C.K.
and the Bible Society.

General .

The Standard Handbook and Directory.

“Farming and Planting in British East Africa.” (Newland,
Tarlton & Co.)

Annual Reports on British East Africa.

31

Reports of the Mombasa -Victoria Railway.

Report by Mr. A. Whyte on his Travels along the Coast-Belt of the
British East Africa Protectorate [Cd. 1533], 1903.

Report by H. B. Muff on Geology of the East Africa Protectorate,
1908. [Cd. 3828.]

Report on Veterinary Bacteriological Work during 1907-8. [Cd.
3917], 1908.

Forest Reports. [Cd. 3561], 1907; [4723], 1909.

Tenure of Land. [Cd. 4117], 1908.

Annual Reports of the Director of Agriculture, East Africa
Protectorate.

Anderson, A. G. W., Our Newest Colony. Nairobi, 1910.
Cranworth, Lord, A Colony in the Making. London, 1912.

Davis (Alexander), A Microcosm of Empire.

Eliot, Sir Charles, The East Africa Protectorate. Arnolds.
Hinde, S. L. and H., The Last of the Masai. London, 1901.
Hindlip, Lord, British East Africa. London, 1901.

Ward & Milligan, Handbook of British East Africa (1912-13).
London, 1912.

Wason, J. Cathcarfc, East Africa and Uganda. London, 1905.

And many others.

Agents for the sale of maps published by the Geographical Section ,
General Staff.

London : — E. Stanford, Ltd., 12, Long Acre, W.C. 2.

Sifton, Praed & Co., 67, St. James’s Street, S.W. 1.

T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, W.C. 2.

Edinburgh : — W. & A. K. Johnston, Ltd., Easter Road.

Liverpool : — Philip, Son & Nephew, 20, Church Street.

Crown Copyright Reserved.

APPENDIX B.

TABLES F IMPORT DUTIES AND EXEMPTIONS.

Table I.

Table of Import Duties.

On distilled liquors (other than drugs and medicines imported
for bond fide medical purposes) Eau de Cologne and lavender
water, per gallon at 50° of the Gay-Lussac alcoholometer at a

temperature of 15° centigrade . Rs. 5

the duty to be augmented proportionately for each degree above
50° and diminished proportionately for each degree below 50°.

On all other goods of every description not being specially
exempted in the 3rd table to this Ordinance an ad valorem duty
at the rate of 10 per cent.

Table II.

Table of Exemptions from Import Duties.

(1) Personal baggage consisting of wearing apparel and other articles
of personal use, as are in actual use at the time of importation,
or have been actually in use previously, and are the property
of the person whose baggage is being passed or of any member
of such person’s family ;

32

(2) Bicycles, binoculars, photographic cameras, and sewing machines

which have been used, and instruments intended for the pro¬
fessional use of passengers, forming part of passengers’ baggage
and not intended for trading purposes ;

(3) Goods when imported by, or purchased prior to clearing through

the Customs by and for the use of the Governments of the East
Africa Protectorate or of the Uganda Protectorate;

(4) All horses and mules ;

(5) Other livestock imported for breeding purposes, provided that :

(a) All livestock imported for breeding purposes for which
exemption from Customs duty is claimed shall, except in
cases where permission is given by a Veterinary Officer,
be landed at Kilindini.

( b ) All such live stock shall in order to be admitted free of
duty be of a class which in the opinion of the examining
Veterinary Officer is likely to improve the existing stock
in the country;

(c) Live stock for the purpose of this exemption means cattle,
sheep, goats, donkeys, swine, ostriches and poultry.

(6) Goods imported by or consigned direct to officers and men on

board vessels of His Majesty’s Navy for their personal use or
consumption ;

If goods imported by a merchant are sold to His Majesty’s Navy,
such goods shall be treated as goods re-exported ;

(7) Ships and vessels imported entire or in section;

(8) Material for the construction and maintenance of railways, tram¬

ways and roads;

(9) Trees, plants, and seeds intended for cultivation ;

(10) Tombstones and ornaments for graves, memorial windows, tables

and brasses;

(11) Coal;

(12) Photographs, engravings, pictures, and maps ;

(13) Gold bullion ;

(14) Coin admitted to circulation in the Protectorate ;

(15) Agricultural implements and machinery and all Apparatus and

plant usually and principally employed in farming operations ;

(16) Sheep and cattle medicines whether for internal or external

application. For the purpose of this exemption, medicines shall
be deemed to include powder and other preparations for the
composition of sheep and cattle dips and licks.

This exemption shall have effect on and after the 1st day of January,
1906, and all such duties paid in respect of such medicines
imported after the 31st day of December, 1905, shall be
refunded, provided that application for such refund shall be
made within six months of the date of the publication of this
Ordinance.

(17) Manures and insecticides;

(18) Industrial machinery.

This exemption shall have effect on and after the first day of June,
1906, and all duties paid in respect of such machinery imported
after the 31st day of May, 1906, shall be refunded, provided that
application for such refund shall be made within six months of
the publication of this Ordinance.

(19) Printed matter, which term shall include newspapers, periodicals,

literature, fashion plates, pamphlets, music, trade catalogues,
iprice lists, show cards, calendars, and all printed or litho¬
graphed matter used or intended to be used solely for
advertising purposes ;

(20) Officers’ Uniforms, viz. : the uniform of a Naval, Military, or

Protectorate Officer, including the necessary arms, badges and
accoutrements thereto ;

33

(21) Regimental plate, furniture, and other mess fittings and band

instruments, the property of any Regimental Mess or the joint
property of the officers of any Regimental Mess ;

(22) Officers’ camp furniture and fittings imported as a necessary part

of their equipment ;

(23) Goods imported for the use of His Majesty’s Land and Sea

Forces in the East Africa Protectorate on satisfactory proof to
the Chief of Customs that they have been imported solely for
the use of His Majesty’s Land and Sea Forces and are the pro¬
perty of His Majesty;

(24) All articles necessary for maintaining telegraphic communication

between British East Africa and other parts of the world;

(25) All coats of arms, flags, seals, and official stationery, and such

other goods as the Governor may from time to time by notice
in the “ Official Gazette ” declare to be within the exemption
in respect of any consulate imported by a Consular Officer on
presentation by him at the Customs House of a certificate given
by the consulate for which they are destined that the articles
are for its exclusive use ;

(26) Cups, medals, or other trophies, imported for presentation or

presented as prizes at examinations, exhibitions, shows or other
public competitions, for excellence in art, bravery, good
conduct, humanity, industry, invention, manufactures, learning,
science, skill or sport or honourable or meritorious public
services ; provided that they shall on importation or delivery free
from the Customs bear engraved or otherwise indelibly marked
on them the name of the presenter or presentee and the occasion
or purpose for which presented ;

(27) Wire or wire-netting for fencing, droppers, gates, hurdles, posts,

standards, strainers, staples, stiles, winders, and other materials
or fastenings of metals ordinarily used for agricultural or rail¬
way fencing ;

(28) Empty bags (other than paper bags and crates for flour, manure,

produce, sugar, wool, coal and minerals, and bagging and
sacking in the piece and binding twine;

(29) Bands and belting of all kinds for driving machinery;

(30) Motor vehicles suitably constructed for, and intended to be

usually and principally employed in, the conveyance of goods ;
and spare parts of such motor vehicles ;

(31) Petrol;

(32) The luggage equipment and stores imported by the Inspector-

General, King’s African Rifles, or his Staff Officer for the use
of the said officers or either of them whilst travelling on duty ;

(33) Machinery, plant, materials and rolling stock, when
imported or purchased prior to clearing through the Customs
by the Magadi Company for the purpose of the construction
or the initial equipment of the Magadi Railway or the Magadi
Company’s port.

(34) All goods imported on or after 1st December, 1914, as gifts to

troops and consigned for distribution to Officers in Command
of such troops or to Government Departments.

(35) Electric or cable wire, the posts for carrying the same, and all

other material required for the purposes of generating, storing
or distributing electric energy, whether for power or lighting,
on satisfactory proof to the Chief of Customs that such articles
and materials have been imported solely for such purposes.

Such exemption shall not include lamps or their fittings or
material, other than industrial machinery required for the
purpose of using electrical energy.

(36) N atalite.

34

APPENDIX 0.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)
(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

Table of Export Duties.

Ivory .

Gum copal . .

Indiarubber (other than plantation rubber) ...

Borities ... ... ... . .

Hides and skins (other than sportsmen’s trophies) ...
Rhinoceros horn and hippopotamus teeth (other than

sportsmen’s trophies) ... ... .

Tortoise shell ... . .

Chillies . .

Ebony and other fine woods as specified from time

to time .

Cowrie and other sea shells .

Horses .

Camels . .

Donkeys ... . .

Ad valorem.
Per cent.
15
6

4
10
10

10

10

10

5
5

Each
Rs. 21
Rs. 4
Rs. 2

APPENDIX D.

NOTES ON LAND IN THE BRITISH EAST AFRICA
PROTECTORATE FOR INTENDING SETTLERS.

These Notes, 'prepared after the enactment of the Crown Lands
Ordinance of 1915, give the conditions on which Crown Land will con¬
tinue to be alienited, subject to any temporary modifications in con-
lection with the post-war settlement of ex-service men.

Sizes of Farms : Leases Sold by Auction : Freehold. — Land in the
Protectorate Available for sale is surveyed and divided into farms, not
usually exceeding 5,000 acres. The shape of each farm varies accord¬
ing to the topography of the country, and is not necessarily rectangular.
The average size is from 2,000 to 3,000 acres. All leases are disposed of
by public auction held in the Protectorate, and no freehold can now
be obtained from the Crown. When land is available for alienation
at least three months’ notice is given in the Official Gazette, and
particulars of each sale may be seen at the Colonial Office and at the
Oversea Settlement Office, London.

Bidding at Sales. — It is, of course, not possible to give prices of
land. At each sale an upset price is fixed [i.e., the price at which the
bidding commences). The bidding is invariably for the whole farm, and
not per acre, and usually rises by amounts of Rs. 10.

Payments at Sales. — At the time of the sale, a purchaser has the
option of paying the purchase-money dcwn, or only a tenth part,
paying off the balance in nine further annual instalments. No interest
is charged in the latter case, and no discount allowed in the former.
The auctioneer will take payment by cheque on a local bank, but the
leases will not be issued until the cheque has been honoured by the

35

bank. One-tenth of the purchase price must be paid on the f all of the
hammer; if not so paid the farm may be again offered for sale.

Subsequent Payments. — A purchaser must pay before the first of the
month next following the sale the following : —

(a) The proportionate annual rent from the first of the month
next following the sale to the 31st December of that year.

( b ) The fees for the preparation of the lease, and for the
registration and stamp duty in respect of the lease.

(c) The survey fee (see 'Schedule “ A ” attached).

( d ) If desirous, the balance of the purchase-money.

Leases .■ — On payment of these monies a lease will be granted for a
term of 999 years. The term is divided into periods, the first expiring
on the 31st December, 1945, the second on the 31st December, 1975,
and the third on the 31st December 2005, and succeeding periods on
the termination of every thirtieth year until the conclusion of the term.

Rents. — The rates of annual rent are payable as follows : —

(a) For the first period, 10 cents per acre.

(b) For the second period, at the rate of 1 per cent, on the
unimproved value of the land in the year 1945.

(c) For the third period, at the rate of 2 per* cent, on the
unimproved value of the land in the year 1975.

(<tf) For each subsequent period of thirty years, at the rate of
3 per cent, on the unimproved value of the land assessed
every thirty years.

Valuation for Rent. — The land is valued at the end of each period,
and in the periodical augmentation of such assessment no consideration
is taken of the value of improvements effected by the owner.

Development Subdivision. — 'Special conditions Governing at the sale
of land are embodied in the lease, and purchasers are also advised to
make themselves familiar with the terms of the Crown Lands
Ordinance, 1915. Farms must be developed in accordance with Schedule
“ B ” attached, and no non-European manager must be placed on any
holding without the consent cf the Governor-in-Council. Subdivision
of properties is not allowed without special sanction of the Governor-
in-Council, and is then governed by special rules.

Miscellaneous Information. — Information concerning the products
and rainfall of the country can be obtained on reference to the Director
of Agriculture, Nairobi.

November, 1915.

Schedule “ A.”

The following schedule sets out the usual survey fees in the High¬
lands per 1,000 acres up to 5,000 acres. In the coast-lands slightly
higher fees obtain, and in land very difficult to survey (such as dense
bush and forest land) special fees are added to cover the extra cost of
line clearing, etc.

Survey Fees.

acres . Rs.338

acres . Rs.445

acres . Rs.538

acres . Rs.618

acres . Rs.685

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

36

Schedule c: B.”

Nature and Value of Improvements to be effected and maintained on
Land leased for Agricultural Purposes.

Area of
Farm.

Minimum value of
improvements to be
effected within first
3 years of the Lease.

Nature

of

improve¬

ment.

Value of additional
improvements to be
effected within first
5 years of the Lease.

Nature of
additional
improve¬
ments.

300 acres

10 rupees per acre,

Permanent

5 rupees per acre,

Permanent

or under

subject to a

subject to a

minimum of 300

minimum of 1 50

rupees.

rupees.

Over 300

Rs. 3,000.

Permanent

Rs. 1,500

Permanent

acres

and

and

in addition Rs. 2

Permanent

in addition R. 1

Permanent

per acre in

and/or

per acre in

and/or

respect of every

Non-per¬

respect of every

Non-per¬

acre over 300 acres.

manent.

acre over 300 acres.

manent.

Rules.

For the purpose of this schedule the term “ Permanent Improve¬
ment ” shall mean : —

Farm buildings of all descriptions.

Fencing.

Water furrows.

Planting trees or live hedges.

Walls.

Wells.

Draining of land or reclamation of swamps.

Road making.

Bridges.

Clearing of land for agricultural purposes.

Laying out and cultivating gardens and nurseries.

Water boring.

Water races.

Sheep or cattle dips.

Embankments or protective works of any kind.

Planting of long-lived crops.

Water tanks.

Irrigation works.

Fixed machinery.

Reservoirs.

Dams of a permanent nature.

Provided that in estimating the value of improvements there shall be
excluded the value of any dwelling-house which is not occupied by the
lessee or by some person employed by the lessee in connection with his
operations on the land leased.

2. For the purpose of this schedule the term “ Non-Permanent
Improvement ” shall mean : —

Live Stock.

Agricultural implements and machinery, and all apparatus and
plant used in farming operations on the land leased.

Dairy appliances.

Provided that : —

(1) The stock, implements, or other articles or thing above-
mentioned are the property of the lessee.

(2) The lessee or his manager or agent shall, if so required by the
Land Officer or a Land Ranger, make and sign a declaration
that such stock, implement, or other article or thing is the
property of the lessee.

Average Monthly Rainfall for a Period of Fourteen Years.

37

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